Certainly, APIs permit developers to integrate services in their applications using third-party service providers instead of creating their own.
The services provided by APIs have been in use since the first software was written; however, the api mobile app development process is changing with some significant changes. The ProgrammableWeb provides a list of more than 15,000 APIs that can aid in mobile and web application development. The older mobile apps are being embedded; companies are breaking down applications into smaller parts, and mobile applications are being integrated with new mobile front-ends using APIs.
With the advent of API integration into web-based and software applications, the risk of security flaws has become more likely. Developers must also recognize the dangers of securely and safely protecting corporate and customer data. Developers nowadays focus more on the functionality and agility of the product than the security. Therefore, businesses need to be sure that the API deployment of their business applications does not lead to security vulnerabilities.
What is API Security?
Web API security is one of the most critical security practices employed by web APIs which are used in today's applications. Web API security includes privacy and access control for APIs and the detection and resolution of attacks against APIs. When the application is targeted at employees, customers and partners, the customer component of the application is connected to the application's server-side using APIs. In simpler terms, APIs enable developers to create client-side applications and microservices. These can also be made possible through APIs.
Because APIs are made available through the internet, they are accessible from any location and can be reverse-developed easily or documented. In addition, due to their vulnerability to a denial of attacks on APIs, they are easy to target.
Security breaches and attacks are a possibility when attempting to bypass client-side-centric applications that disrupt the functionality of the applications. API security is primarily focused on the API's security and determining what could occur due to malicious attacks that occur during interactions through APIs.
The Potential Risks Associated with APIs
Since APIs are becoming more efficient with the advent of mobile application development, there is a higher chance of security vulnerabilities and attacks growing. Gartner estimates that API attacks and misuse will become among the most prevalent and frequent attacks by the close of the season, leading to data breaches in various corporate web-based applications.
The disadvantage of publically accessible APIs for the web on the market result in security breaches and loopholes that companies can exploit. APIs allow outsiders and third parties access to the app's data. Behind every API, there is an endpoint, i.e. server. The risks that come with it and the final points are identical to all internet-connected web servers.
Suppose you consider the worst-case scenario that not just the data is in danger, and so is the infrastructure that runs it. APIs that are vulnerable are the principal reason behind the variety of network-based phishing attacks. Suppose the attack occurs on a multi-level basis. In that case, it may cause data leaks regardless of whether the information includes personal information, intellectual property or other data.
Some of the Common Attacks Against Web APIs
APIs are vulnerable to attacks from most of the same networks and web application attacks. The most frequent attacks and mitigations include:
Injection happens when attackers insert malicious commands or codes into the programming language, typically when the user types in the username or password. This SQL injection attack permits attackers to control their SQL database.
Mitigation: By validating and cleansing API requests and sanitizing API requests, information response is capped to reduce the risk of unintentional leaks of data.
Cross-Site Scripting: It is also a form of injection attack that occurs when attackers embed an infected script into the code of the website or web application.
Protection: Validate input characters by escaping them and filtering.
Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS): Attacks are carried out on a system such as a network, a plan, or a website by blocking it to users. It can be accomplished by flooding the site with more visitors than it can handle. API endpoints are typically targeted the most by DDoS attacks.
Protection: Limit the payload size and take advantage of rate-limiting features.
Man-in-the-Middle (MitM): Attacks happen when the attacker combines traffic from two communication systems. Then, a remote proxy becomes active via impersonation. In APIs, MitM attacks usually occur between the app store development team company and the API or between an API and its endpoint.
The process of stuffing credentials occurs due to the theft of authorization credentials from the APS authentication endpoints.
Best Practices for API Security for Creating Secure Mobile Applications
The consequences associated with API security risks are severe, such as the famous Cambridge Analytical breach, where the vulnerability that existed in Facebook's API of Facebook caused the leaks of data from around 50 million Facebook users. One of the significant API security threats is that it has to do with the authorization at the function and user level and the inability to properly resource and data exposure, excessive security configurations, and insufficient monitoring and logging. Let's look at some of the best practices within the field.
Read More:- 25 Top API Management Platforms
1. Always Use a Gateway
The first suggestion is to put your API behind the Gateway. API gateways centralize features for traffic and incorporate them into every request that comes through your API. These may be related to security, such as rate-limiting or blocking malicious clients and proper logs. However, they could be more business-oriented and practical, like changing headers and paths, gathering business metrics and more.
Lacking these safeguards could lead to the creation of a security issue. Without a gateway, API providers would need to strengthen each endpoint by implementing these features. An API gateway makes managing, adding, or fixing these features easier. There are a lot of options for API Gateway products available on the market
2. Always Use a Central OAuth Server
Don't allow your Gateways or APIs to Issue Access and Refresh Tokens. A central OAuth Server should always issue these tokens. To print tickets, you must go through several complex procedures: authenticating the user and authenticating the user, authenticating the customer, signing receipts, as well as other processes.
These operations require access to various data sources like client information and the authentication method. In addition, if many organizations can issue and verify tokens, it becomes more difficult for the administrator to control all the credentials required to authenticate keys issued by the entity. Only one entity can manage these processes -the OAuth Server.
3. Only Use JSON Web Tokens Internally
In the case of APIs, using JWTs as refresh and access tokens is an excellent procedure. Services that use JWTs can use the claim information to make better business decisions. Is the user allowed access to this resource? What information can the caller access?
When tokens are made available outside of your infrastructure to clients from third parties, it is recommended to opt for opaque tickets rather than JWTs. The information contained in a JWT is accessible to all and is simple to read. If JWT information is available to the public, it can be a security issue.
Therefore, you must ensure that no sensitive information gets included in JWT's claims. However, if you use JWTs with clients who are not your own, they may begin relying on the information contained in the JWT. Changes to claims in the JWT could lead to an unintended change that could require expensive implementation changes in every third-party client.
4. Use Scopes for Coarse-Grained Access Control
OAuth limitations limit the capabilities of Access Tokens. If a victim's credentials are restricted scopes, attackers have less leverage. So, it is best to issue tokens with limitations in their capabilities. Token contents may be verified through an API Gateway to prevent fraudulent traffic from entering your API. Measurements should be used to implement coarse-grained access controls. This can include verifying that a request made using the access token can request a particular resource or confirming that the client can use a specific Content-Type.
5. Use Claims for Fine-Grained Access Control at the API Level
It is essential to implement an access control system that is fine-grained that is at an API level. The access control must be designed so that, even if malicious requests get through the Gateway and are rejected by the API, the API will not be able to refuse it. This method protects against scenarios where attackers try to circumvent the Gateway.
The API must verify whether or not the request will be received at the specified endpoint. It also needs to determine if the user who is calling has the right to access the information and what will be provided based on the caller's identification (both for the caller and the user). OWASP has identified access control issues among the ten most dangerous API security flaws that should be considered, so it's worthwhile to remember this vulnerability.
6. Trust No One
Zero-trust isn't simply a buzzword. Your API should be able to limit trust only to traffic coming into your API. Period. The first step towards building zero trust is using HTTPS for every API traffic. You should use HTTPS internally to ensure that the traffic between the services cannot be tracked.
Your service should always validate any incoming JWTs regardless of whether they are converted from the opaque format of the Gateway. This helps prevent the possibility that a request will be able to get around your Gateway, stopping a malicious actor from operating within your organization or your infrastructure.
7. Create or Reuse Libraries for JWT Validation
Correct JWT validation is essential for the protection of APIs. But, if every team uses its own JWT validation tool, the risk of increasing the vulnerability of your system in general. In-correction is more frequent, and it's difficult to fix the bugs.
Instead, develop a comprehensive solution to JWT validation, ideally based upon the available libraries in the market and adapted to your API's requirements. Implementing a standard company-wide JWT validation process can ensure the same level of security across all your devices. If issues arise, teams can fix problems more quickly. Rapid resolution of security threats is vital when it comes to security-sensitive tasks such as JWT validation.
8. Do Not Mix Authentication Methods
Don't combine authentication methods to access the same resource. The authentication methods you choose can be of various security levels, including Basic Authentication and Multi-Factor. Suppose you own a resource secured by a higher degree of trust, such as the JWT, which has limited capabilities. In that case, however, if you allow access to it with less confidence, it could result in API misuse. In some instances, it could pose a hazardous security issue.
9. Protect All APIs
Do not leave your APIs vulnerable. Even internal APIs must have protections in place. This ensures that your API is secure against threats from within your company.
APIs are typically developed for internal use and are made available to the general public later. In these scenarios, security measures for API security can be neglected. If the API is published outside, the API is vulnerable to attack.
Make sure you are aware that security by opaqueness is not suggested. The fact that you can create the name of an endpoint, or Content-Type, does not mean that the API is safe. It's only a matter of time before someone discovers the endpoint and uses it to their advantage.
10. Issue JWTs for Internal Clients Inside Your Network
Let Your OAuth Server issue JWTs for those clients instead of opaque tokens if you have internal clients running exclusively within your network. This can avoid the need for token translations. But, it is best to employ this technique if JWTs don't leave your network. If you have clients that are external to your network or if the tokens are used externally, they should be hidden in an opaque token, as mentioned earlier.
11. Inappropriate Assets Management
It is crucial for APIs to ensure that the documentation is up-to-date and accurate since they can provide more endpoints than standard web applications. A log of the API versions and the correct host can be helpful in reducing general IT security threats, including outdated API versions and risky debug endpoints.
Web APIs usually provide additional endpoints less prone to risk than web-based UI applications, particularly for decentralized deployments spread across multiple microservices. Incomplete or out-of-date asset inventories and documentation could lead to missing endpoints. This way, you could increase the likelihood of an attack on your assets. Inadequate control over the deployment and versioning process also leaves outdated API versions running alongside the latest versions. Unpatched versions of older versions are an easy target audience and can result in granting access to information.
It is recommended in addition to creating an inventory of every API host and API. Create a clear distinction between the mobile app development company environment as well as others. Prioritize documentation during the day to ensure that it is always up-to-date. Beware of obtaining production data sources from non-production environments.
The Key Takeaway
APIs are now the preferred method of creating modern apps, particularly in mobile devices and Internet of Things (IoT) devices and although the idea of importing data into the program from an external source isn't a new one, constantly evolving techniques for mobile and web app development services and the pressure to be innovative means that some companies might not have fully grasped the potential dangers of making their APIs public. Securing the APIs is a little problem.
A majority of organizations already have safeguards implemented to defend against known attacks such as cross-site scripting injection, distributed denial of service and other attacks that attack APIs. Many of the top techniques mentioned above are well-known to experienced security experts. Suppose you need help determining where to begin starting at the highest point and moving downwards. Whatever APIs you make publicly available, the ultimate goal should be to develop solid API security policies and manage the procedures proactively over time.
